The Effects of Animal Assisted Children on Disabled Ch an Example of the Topic All Posts by

The Effects of Animal Assisted Children on Disabled Children Introduction Animal assisted therapy has been used to treat a variety of psychological problems in children with special needs. Animal assisted therapy is defined as the use of animals such as, cats, dogs, and birds to treat children who have not had success with traditional therapy methods. Animal assisted therapies are used with children who have been severely traumatized by severe abuse and neglect. Another area in which animal assisted therapy is commonly used is in the treatment of children with physical and mental disabilities. These difficulties range from quadriplegia and blindness to autism and learning disabilities such as dyslexia. Animal assisted therapy allows children who have physical and mental disabilities can improve social skills in a safe and secure environment. Need essay sample on "The Effects of Animal Assisted Children on Disabled Children" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The use of animal assisted therapy is a crucial tool for a therapist to help children who have psychological problems, or physical and mental disabilities. Animal assisted therapy has been useful in the treatment of non-verbal children such as children who are deaf, or who experience low- functioning autism. Animal assisted therapy has allowed therapist to help children who otherwise may not have the opportunity to deal with their problems in a therapeutic situation. Literature Review One of the main uses for animal-assisted therapy has been in the treatment of children with autism. According to McNicolas and Collis (1995), animal assisted therapies have been used to treat non-verbal children with autism. Autistic children frequently exhibit difficulty in forming social attachments with family and peers however; evidence has shown that autistic children can form meaningful relationships with animals. McNicolas and Collis (1995) state that it is difficult to obtain quantitative data regarding the success of animal assisted therapy. However, it is possible to obtain some qualitative data with observation techniques, and parental interviews. According to McNicolas and Collis (1995), parental interviews are the most effective research tool because parents of autistic children know what is seen as normal behavior for their child. McNicolas and Collis (1995) performed in-depth interviews and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale in order to determine what level of autism was demonstrated by the participants in their stud. The participants ranged from severely to moderately autistic and many participants had exhibited aggressive behaviors in social situations involving family members and peers. McNicolas and Collis (1995) interviewed the mothers of the participants in order to assess how children responded to an introductory therapy session with animals being used in an animal assisted therapy session. When interviewed the parents of the participants indicated that the children had demonstrated several behavior changes in their interactions with the therapy animals, and with the people that were present in the room as well. The behaviors that McNicolas and Collis (1995)were looking for included greeting seeking of closeness or proximity seeking and giving of comfort, conflicts, companionship and play. The results of the interviews demonstrated that participants in the study exhibited behaviors significantly different from the behaviors that parents had indicated as being normal. Accordng to McNicolas and Collis (1995) the participants sought the therapy animals out as companions because they allowed the child to exhibit behaviors such as touching and hugging that they rarely show to family members or peers. The participants showed greater sensitivity for the needs of the therapy animals. They demonstrated neither anger, nor aggression towards the therapy animals. Finally, the participants initiated physical contact with the therapy animals a behavior that autistic children rarely demonstrate towards people. The implication of this research is that autistic children have the capability to express emotions in the same way that non-autistic children do. However, they are rarely comfortable enough to demonstrate affection with other people and are only able to demonstrate their feelings around animals. Animal assisted therapy allows them to become de-sensitized to physical contact and the demonstration of emotion and affection so that they can begin to interact normally with their fellow human beings. Another way in which animal assisted therapy is used is in the treatment of physically disabled children. According to Duncan (1995), the primary way in which animal assisted therapy is used with physically disabled children is to help children in dealing with loneliness. Duncan (1995) states that physically disabled children often experience loneliness because their disability restricts them from interacting and forming relationships with their peers. This leads physically disabled children to feel socially isolated. Social isolation in physically disabled children can greatly affect their feelings and emotions. Duncan (1995) states that there are several variables that can create feelings of loneliness including disability. Animals act as companions to people who are lonely, including physically disabled children. This is because a pet is always there for a disabled child, and provides company to improve the childs mood, and prevent depression. Therapy animals have also been shown to be useful in the treatment of abused and neglected children. According to the Crossroads Group (1998), children who have been abused and neglected often develop problems with depression. They also blame themselves for the abuse, which leads to feelings of social isolation. Finally, animal assisted therapy is useful for abused and neglected children because abused and neglected children are frequently incapable of forming healthy relationships with family, and peers. Therapy animals play a role in teaching abused and neglected children to care for another living being, and be cared for by another living being. Animal assisted therapy helps abused and neglected children learn to define normal and appropriate affection, and appropriate social limits and boundaries. These behaviors are not taught in abusive or neglectful homes therefore, abused and neglected children often demonstrate a very -skewed perception of normalcy. Animal assisted therapy has also been used to treat children who have been sexually abused. According to Barker et al (1995), animals can provide support to children who are at high risk for psychological problems due to sexual abuse. Barker et al (1995) states that this is because therapy animals are perceived as being less threatening then people. Animal assisted therapy has been demonstrated to help sexually abused children heal from the trauma created by the abuse because the animals help the child to lessen the pain created by the abuse. Although some experts have stated that therapy, animals have the ability to empathize with physically or psychologically disabled children Blackman (2003) states that there is no empirical evidence to support this theory. Conclusion Animal assisted therapy has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of children with physical disabilities, psychological disabilities, and children who have been abused or neglected. In many cases traditional methods of psychotherapy do not work with these children either because they are unwilling to trust an adult with their problems, or that the problem is to deep seated for traditional therapy to be adequate. Children often find interacting with animals to be easier than interacting with people. The reason behind this is that animals have no expectations other than to be fed, and petted. Children often express things to their pets that they would never express to friends, family, or teachers. In conclusion, animal assisted therapy has been used to treat children with problems ranging from autism to sexual abuse. The jury is still out about the long-term effectiveness of animal assisted therapy however; in the short-term treatment of children, it has proven to be very effective. References Barker, S. B., Barker, R. T., Dawson, K. S., Kinsley, J. S. (1995). "The Supportive Role of Pets in the Childhood of Sexual Abuse Survivors. " Retrieved September 20, 2007; Blackman, D. (2003)."Visiting Pets and Animal Assisted Therapy." Retrieved September 20, 2007, from http://dogplay.com/Activities/Therapy/therapy.html Crossroads Group. (1998)."What is Animal Assisted Therapy?" Retrieved September 20, 2007; Duncan, S. L. (1995). "Loneliness: A Health Hazard of Modern Times." Interactions, Volume 13(Issue 1); McNicolas, J., Collis, G. M. (1995). "Relationships between Young People with Autism and Their Pets." Retrieved September 20, 2007.

Martin the Warrior †Book Review Essay

Martin the Warrior – Book Review Essay Free Online Research Papers Martin the Warrior Book Review Essay Fantasy novels come in many different genres. These genres are followed by many authors due to great appeal of that genre. Fantasy novels are a form of fiction in which magic or warriors are involved. Martin the Warrior by Brian Jacques is a great example of a sword and sorcery novel. Each animal in Martin the Warrior has his own special talent that makes he or she more capable of than others. Martin is a warrior mouse that has great strength and battle sense like no others. When in trouble he not only uses his strength but also his intelligence to sort everything out. Badrang the Tyrant, on the other hand, is a villainous leader that is all-powerful. All who follow him fear him greatly. Sword and sorcery novels are very creative. The setting in Martin the Warrior creates a whole new world. The book is set in a fictional county called Mossflower. Marshank, which is where Badrang the Tyrant reigns, is a fort heavily guarded by archers and sword wielding villains. The setting is full of adventure. There are woods, caves, streams, and forts, all involving great creativity and adventure. Sorcery is in the Martin the Warrior. There is a magical rabbit named Tibbar that makes others disappear. Afterwards he tells Badrang, You see when Tibbar the magic rabbit performs magic, it is real! He also manages to pull a string from one of the captains ear when the captain asks Oh magical rabbit please come and show me more magic tonight. The use of magic is in sword and sorcery novels. All the creatures use medieval weaponry. Some creatures such as Martin and Badrang use the sword. Then there are those who use slings and bows. Then there are those such and Tibbar who uses magic as his weapon. No machinery whatsoever is involved. Fort Marshank is built like a castle with many sentry towers and heavy gates. Weaponry is not like today, with the use of guns and bombs. Martin the Warrior is a natural sword and sorcery novel. The books use of animals as characters and medieval weaponry and magic makes you think how if it was outlined by the definition of sword and sorcery novel. Martin the Warrior is a good sword and sorcery novel. Research Papers on Martin the Warrior - Book Review EssayHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoMind TravelEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThe Project Managment Office SystemWhere Wild and West MeetHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

Islamic Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Islamic Studies - Essay Example I t is consisted of everything that the prophet has spoken of, his decisions on important matters, his opinions and his answers to the queries and doubts raised by his followers and believers. The Hadiths literature which consists of the narrations of the life of the prophet also has played major role in the shaping of Islamic faith. The fact that the Hadith were recorded after the death of the prophet make many to doubt the authenticity and the validity of the Hadith. There are people who consider the Hadith merely as a history book having not much of religious significance. The essay attempts to unearth the understanding of Hadith in Islam religion, and it tries to bring out the differences in the understanding and the practice of Hadith soon after the death of Prophet Mohammed with a special reference to the changed political scenario after the Prophets death. The Hadith assumed greater significance after the death of Mohammed as the believers could no longer ask their questions or clear their doubts from the prophet. So wherever they did not have a specific guideline in the Quran, they sought for it in the Hadith. The hadiths very often acted as the guiding principle for the Muslim way of life along with the Koran. One should not forget the fact that the Hadith was transmitted by the companions of the prophet (his contemporaries and witnesses to his teaching) to the next generation through oral tradition in the initial stages. Therefore, many attempts have been undertaken by the scholars to assess the reliability and authenticity of Hadith. The Hadith was judged based on their content, the degree in which they did not contradict the Quran and the extend to which they resonated divine wisdom. Thus, they were categorized into authentic, good or weak. Hadith were collected and confirmed or proved to be authentic by many scholars; however on e cannot negate the influence of personal bias or prejudices in the process. There was also the risk of interpreting the personal responses of the prophet as having general implications to the Islamic teachings. In the eighth century there was a considerable division in the Islamic thought due to the diversity of thought that the Hadith were not reliable and authentic. This division of thought prompted Muhammad ibh Idris al-Shafi to make a common methodology for all schools of Islamic faith by the end of 9th century. He identified four sources of Islamic law- the Quran, the sunnas or the tradition of the prophet, reasoning by analogies and unanimous agreement. The Muslim community strongly believed that Allah has sent His prophets and messengers to keep them united with Him and Mohammed for them is the last of the prophets. Mohammed proved himself to be a strong religious leader for the Muslims and after his time the Islam community really lacked strong spiritual leaders even though they did have some powerful rulers in the caliphs who succeeded Mohammed. After the death of Mohammed, there weren't any undisputable leaders for the Muslims and one comes across a series of struggle for power and control over the Muslim community and it is interesting to note how this struggle affected the Muslim belief and their way of life. It is these struggles that led to the formation of Sunnism and Shiism, and the underlying reason for most of the conflicts and struggles within Islam can be attributed to these struggles. The original version of the Hadiths suffered various setbacks at the hands of

Insurance companies Finances Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Insurance companies Finances - Coursework Example The organization will also be able to save the cost of loans which they would have otherwise opted for. The demand of current assets in the organization can be efficiently met by investing the unassigned surplus in the right area. The properties maintained by the business organizations are insured to adhere to the safety standards. The insurance of the properties involve a premium and are known as property insurance premium. The systematic methods of calculating these types of insurance premium fall under different ‘classes’ and these classes have different eligibility criteria. Properties with risky factors or having disputed issues, and properties specially protected are not generally eligible for the class ratings. For these types of cases, insurance premiums are specially rated. The rates used are specifically for those assets which are determined by physical inspection. The method of class rating is based on the assumption that the future losses to be insured will be determined largely by some sort of factors. The major classification factors in homeowners insurance include construction material, age of the home and protective devices like smoke detectors and fire extinguishers. One of the major advantages of class ratings is that it is easy to apply. Premium quotations of the ratings can also be quickly obtained. It is also known as Manual Rating. These rating are mainly used in homeowners insurance, private passenger auto insurance, workers compensation, and life & health insurance. Compensation Insurance Fund considers the following items when establishing a merit rating for a policy. They are classification evaluation, management business practices, and management safety practices Classification Evaluation: This category evaluates any changes in the operations of the employer when compared to the other operations normally contemplated within the same classification. The process of

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 28

Case Study Example With the Freemium Pricing Strategy in place, it was obvious that the company’s user base would definitely increase. The strategy worked effectively in that Dropbox managed to grow from at least 4 million Dropbox users in January 2010 to more than 200 million users by November 2 years later. In as much as the company never revealed its exact revenues, it was reported by an industry analysts that the company made more than $400 million by 2012. Five years after it was launched, it can be reported that Dropbox was valued at more than 4 billion dollars. This means that the company benefited from the strategy. Alternatively, the company managed to secure a large share of Dropbox users especially for the cloud storage. This therefore enabled the company management to switch its attention to corporate customers. First, the strategy led to overcrowding with minimal competitors. Alternatively, getting users was somehow tough because of bureaucratic delays especially in making them integrate the services. There is also the notion that the freemium strategy would end being a costly affair for the company. It was feared that the strategy would leave the company with thousands of freeloaders and higher operating costs. It was also difficult to get individuals pay since most mainstream users were not used to paying for the services. Another challenge of this strategy is that the company might suffer from value perception of the services. The fact that the basic package is free, most users might have the perception that any other version that company offers has little value. Lastly, issues with competition are common. After the success of the freemium strategy, Houston started to target the corporate customers directly. Whereas the consumer Dropbox version started at only $120 per year, the business type was estimated to cost more than $800 on a yearly basis for users. Termed as the Dropbox for Business version, the strategy featured

The Agriculture In Malaysia Economics Essay

The Agriculture In Malaysia Economics Essay Amounting to 12 of contribution from agriculture to nations GDP employing 16 of total population of Malaysia, various crops such as rubber, palm oil, cocoa, bananas, coconuts, durian, pineapples, rice, rambutan are grown. Being agricultural dominant country Agriculture Trade liberalization is expected to affect the economical, social and political sectors. Palm oil being the largest industry contributing higher portion in global liberalization of trade in oil fats markets as an export oriented industry giving continuous efforts to increase productivity and efficiency still efforts are required to compete with other edible oils. To overcome this, automation, research and development, quality control diversification are being recommended to enhance the industry. Incidences of poverty in the country have raised the protection of Paddy sub-sector in Malaysia which is one of the most highly protected sub-sector with a high degree of market intervention. Followed by the Paddy is the tobacco industry receiving subsidy, high tariffs and production quotas from government for protection purpose as it is cultivated in the poor regions of the country. Climate Located in the peninsula in south-east Asia, Malaysia has agriculture friendly climate. Being a hilly region it has become a disadvantage for cultivation of rice and other produces which require a flat land, which has resulted into import of the same. Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry, Malaysia (MOA) MOA is Ministry of Agriculture who helps to private agriculture players and gather information, analyze it, do research and development, survey and provide required information and expert advice to agriculture, fishing and live stock to producer and framer. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Established in the year 1905 DOA handles agriculture sector related legal aspects. DOA has established state DOA has given responsibility of their respective state and work for their development. In 1926 Rubber Research Institute Malaysia was established realizing the tremendous development potential and immense demand within the rubber industry. Agriculture: Malaysias economic and social transformation In 10th Malaysian plan (2011-15) they missed out agriculture aspect for its future, resulting into economic and social transformation workers, with about half of these being temporary migrants. In spite of this agriculture, along with fisheries and forestry contributes 7-8% in GDP. Palm oil and Rubber despite the reliance on migrant labour palm oil and rubber continue to do well as demand of palm oil in food and non-food sectors is high, and demand of rubber as a industrial product is high. With a good backup of RD in both the products their production is high because of that they are exporting in neighboring countries helping them to gain higher profits. Rubber based industry: there are more than 500 manufacturers of rubber in Malaysia producing latex product contributing 18.1 billion to the countrys export earnings in 2011. The rubber based agricultural sector is producing a wide range of products such as gloves, condom, catheters, latex thread tyres and tyre-related products mountings, beltings, hoses, tunings, seals, and sheeting for the automotive, electrical electronics, machinery equipment and construction industries on a wide scale. Rice Malaysia is continuously facing problems for promoting improvement and change as it is a hilly region. There are many future plans as to innovation and up-gradation of the agricultural equipments. Food industry Malaysias food industry is a multi-cuisine food industry so its expecting to grow more in future and right now its 3rd largest producer of poultry meat. Malaysia has started organic farming in fruits and vegetables and has come up with logo Organic Malaysia. One of the largest processor in cocoa and 6th largest producer and exporter in spices. Food Agriculture Business Development Center Agri-BDC developed by ministry of Malaysia to support and develop agriculture and food sector. Center of agri-food business development is the sole information center and resource for public and private sector formed by the MOA to assist food and agriculture business community in the country with the objective to attract existing and new investors in agriculture sector. AGRO FOOD POLICY (2011-20): A continuation of 1998-2010 Third National Agriculture Policy aims at increase in income and food supply guarantee and production sustainability. Various product based, Agri-forestry approach have been made by the policy. 1) FOOD SECURITY POLICY: With the objective to overcome the food shortage food security policy is formed which aims at increasing production of the agro food sector, supply and quality consumption. MOA planned seven programmes in 2008-10 and five other programmes. 2) ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE (PRE) YEAR 2009-10: Economic stimulus package undertake project to stimulate countrys economy. For this two projects coconut industry development project and abandoned land development project have been entrusted to DOA. 3) 1MALAYSIA CONCEPT :With an idea to bring unity among all the races, Malaysia has brought a concept of 1Malaysia. It aims at the principle of justice for principle. It is envisioned that Vision 2020 is achieved with help of all levels of the society. The vision is to make Malaysia a developed country. 4) NATIONAL KEY ECONOMIC AREAS (NKEA): Government has launched the Economic Transformation Programme to make Malaysia a high income country. ETP emphasis on 12 North State Economic Areas like oil, gas and energy, palm oil, financial services, tourism, health, education, agriculture, IT tec. DOA is involved in two economic drivers project, Entry Point Project EPP 1 which focus on plants and herbs and EPP 7 which focuses on fruits and vegetable crops.

Palm oil oral presentation

Today I would like to talk to you about a rather large problem. It is responsible for most of the deforestation In the world, It has caused lots of damage to the bio-sphere and atmosphere. It has caused huge amounts of damage to the species living In the rainforest's. This problem Is catastrophic and caused by us humans. If some of you are thinking Its palm 011, your rightly (change) What is palm oil? Palm oil is a highly saturated oil that comes from the fruit of a palm tree growing in tropical climates. Today most palm oil is produced in Indonesia and Malaysia. Rainforest's are destroyed to make room for palm oil plantations.These areas, which are the lungs of the world and home to native wildlife, are destroyed at an alarming rate. Every hour rainforest's the size of over 300 football fields are cleared. (change) As much as hundred different species are now becoming extinct every day. Some animals that are becoming close to extinct are the Sumatra and Borne Orange- tan, the Sumat ra tiger, the pigmy elephant and the Sumatra rhino. Ten years ago there were still over 1 50,000 orange-tans in the wild and that number has dropped to 30,000 today! Sumatra tiger and rhino numbers have dropped dramatically to having only 30-40 in the wilds. Change) Every year at least 1,500 orange-tans die cruelly when beaten to death by plantation workers as they are considered a pest and some of these beautiful animals are burnt to death by the uncontrolled fires to clear land, which also kills hundreds of other fauna and flora species. There Is a huge risk that none of these animals will be living in the wild by he year 2020, because of the fact the demand for palm OLL Is huge and Increasing. (change) Although, 30 years ago, no many products contained palm oil, today palm oil is in 50% of our products. It's in confectionery foods, food items, personal care items and house care products.It may surprise you that some of your favorite products are contributing to the palm oil probl em. Startups, Skittles, Mars chocolate, Ores, Nutshell, Ben and Jerry, Amiability, cover girl cosmetics and thousands more. Re deliberately not labeling their products clearly and this makes it harder to identify products containing palm oil. Consumers can help by learning the other names that are potentially used like vegetable oil or one of the 30 different chemical or common names Lists are available on the WFM and the Melbourne Zoo websites. Here you will also find lists of products and brands to avoid as well as better alternative choices.Other things you can do to help are, -Educate yourself about the problem -Spread the message to those around you -Join campaigns and fundraisers Make a conscious decision to stop using palm oil and let manufacturers know that you want them to switch to alternative oils -Buy ethical products and support companies that are doing the right thing -Encourage your government to change labeling laws -Encourage your government to aid affected communit ies and help them to find alternative income sources, for example tourism and sustainable plantations I hope that this will inspire you to become a crusader for Orange-tans.

Do You Have Stress Problem

Argumentative Essay: Do You Have Stress Problems? Name: Marguerite ID Number: 1130400040 Class Name: Grand Canyon According to the book called Stress Consequences edited by George Fink (2010), it says â€Å"Approximately 90% of suicide victims have a psychiatric illness at the time of their death. † Some people think psychiatric illness is generated by stress. Although they deem stress bad, other people claim that stress is beneficial. Actually the fact is that humans benefit a lot from stress.Because stress can promote blood circulation, motivate individual potential and enhance efficiency. Opponents of this idea assert that people become anxious when they face stress for a long time, and with anxiety accumulating day by day, people become fragile and weak. The other people claim that not all people are under stress everyday, since they can do something else to be happy. Furthermore, mild stress can promote blood circulation so that the capacity of people for handling stress is greater.Nowadays, people have to try something new and learn more skills, but all of these increase the burden on people. The stress makes people lose their confidence and be nervous to face life. Those who disagree with the idea maintain that stress can help people improve themselves since stress can motivate the individual potential when they are trying new things, even more, their confidence can be increased. Opponents have the idea that stress makes people lose their enthusiasms for work and study so that they are inefficient.To a certain extent what they indicate is right. But on the other hand, appropriate stress can enhance their attention and capacity, thereby, the efficiency can be increased. In conclusion, appropriate stress is â€Å"†¦there is now convincing evidence that people often experience benefits following stress and trauma, these benefits have been various labeled adversarial growth, benefit finding†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Stress Consequence, George Fink, 2010). As the book says, people can benefit from stress.

Free Essays on Symmetry And Balance In Cynewulf And Cyneheard

Symmetry and Balance in â€Å"Cynewulf and Cyneheard† In their assessment of the narrative of Cynewulf and Cyneheard, recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 755, Bruce Mitchell and Fred C. Robinson claim in, A Guide to Old English, that â€Å"on both sides men made the heroic choice, and they chose right.† The narrative of Cynewulf, King of Wessex, and Cyneheard, a West Saxon à ¦theling, illustrates the heroic code of conduct that characterized the warrior men of Germanic tribes. Their loyalty was to their leader, and this bond surpassed any other, even those based on kinship. In the story of Cynewulf and Cyneheard, these loyalties come in direct conflict with one another, and both parties choose right - to fight for their leader despite familial ties to the opposing side. The narrative itself is unlike any other entry into the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and it reads more like prose than a record of events. The structure gives the impression of a story being told; the repetition of the word â€Å"and† at the beginning of sentences, for example, shows a clear passage of time and sequence of events. In Michael Swanton’s edition of The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, he describes the encounter between Cynewulf and Cyneheard as a â€Å"coup d’etat at Merton..., where the scribe has incorporated what appears to be saga material complete with exchanges in direct speech; this seems undoubtably to derive from oral, perhaps poetic, transmission.† It is certainly one of the most detailed entries in the Chronicle, and has a clear moral intended for the audience. The entry recorded in the year 755 is a clear representation of values and behaviors understood universally among Anglo-Saxons. The narrative begins with a clear representation of how far this loyalty to a leader stretches. The Chronicle details Her Cynewulf benam Sigebryht his rices ond Westseaxna wiotan for unryhtum dà ¦dum, buton Hamtunscire; ond he hà ¦fde... Free Essays on Symmetry And Balance In Cynewulf And Cyneheard Free Essays on Symmetry And Balance In Cynewulf And Cyneheard 2,352 words Symmetry and Balance in â€Å"Cynewulf and Cyneheard† In their assessment of the narrative of Cynewulf and Cyneheard, recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 755, Bruce Mitchell and Fred C. Robinson claim in, A Guide to Old English, that â€Å"on both sides men made the heroic choice, and they chose right.† The narrative of Cynewulf, King of Wessex, and Cyneheard, a West Saxon à ¦theling, illustrates the heroic code of conduct that characterized the warrior men of Germanic tribes. Their loyalty was to their leader, and this bond surpassed any other, even those based on kinship. In the story of Cynewulf and Cyneheard, these loyalties come in direct conflict with one another, and both parties choose right - to fight for their leader despite familial ties to the opposing side. The narrative itself is unlike any other entry into the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and it reads more like prose than a record of events. The structure gives the impression of a story being told; the repetition of the word â€Å"and† at the beginning of sentences, for example, shows a clear passage of time and sequence of events. In Michael Swanton’s edition of The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, he describes the encounter between Cynewulf and Cyneheard as a â€Å"coup d’etat at Merton..., where the scribe has incorporated what appears to be saga material complete with exchanges in direct speech; this seems undoubtably to derive from oral, perhaps poetic, transmission.† It is certainly one of the most detailed entries in the Chronicle, and has a clear moral intended for the audience. The entry recorded in the year 755 is a clear representation of values and behaviors understood universally among Anglo-Saxons. The narrative begins with a clear representation of how far this loyalty to a leader stretches. The Chronicle details Her Cynewulf benam Sigebryht his rices ond Westseaxna wiotan for unryhtum dà ¦dum, buton Hamtunscire; ond he hà ¦fde...

How to Use Singular They

How to Use Singular They "The employee believed their safety could not be guaranteed." The sentence above has an apparently overt grammar error. The subject of the sentence, employee, is singular but the pronoun their is plural. Most business writers would catch this obvious error. Subjects and pronouns need to agree in number, so the sentence should be"The employee believed his or her safety could not be guaranteed." The challenge with the corrected sentence is that it is awkward and it boxes individuals who do not identify as uniquely male or female into a category that doesn't fit for them. It's exclusionary, and style guides are addressing this. Using they as a singular pronoun has become acceptable in some cases, especially as a gender-neutral pronoun. The 2017 edition of The AP Stylebook - the style guide used most widely in business - stated: â€Å"They/them/their is acceptable in limited cases as a singular and/or gender-neutral pronoun, when alternative wording is overly awkward or clumsy.† For example, to avoid the specificity of an individual’s gender, this use oftheiris acceptable: â€Å"The employee believed their position was in jeopardy.† The Washington Post addressed this in 2015: â€Å"Allowing they for a gender-nonconforming person is a no-brainer. And once we’ve done that, why not allow it for the most awkward of those he or she situations that have troubled us for so many years?† The Chicago Manual of Style now states: â€Å"While this usage [they, them, their, and themselves] is accepted in those spheres [speech and informal writing], it is only lately showing signs of gaining acceptance in formal writing, where Chicago recommends avoiding its use. When referring specifically to a person who does not identify with a gender-specific pronoun, however, they and its forms are often preferred.† Garner’s Modern American Usage recommends its cautious use: â€Å"Where it can’t be avoided, resort to it cautiously because some people may doubt your literacy.† Microsoft Manual and Style advises: â€Å"Although . . .theyfor a singular antecedent is gaining acceptance. . . . Whenever possible, write around the problem.† Grammarly polled their readers and most objected to the singular use of they. Admittedly, it can become awkward: "They is a talented artist." As a comment below correctly noted, use the plural verb conjugation when using "they" to refer to an individual: "They are a talented artist." Or, just rewrite the sentence to avoid both a gender identification and the need for a pronoun: "The artist is talented." More on gender-neutral pronouns here. One of the aspects of business writing that I love most is that it evolves to reflect appropriate information flow and awareness. Style Guides are clearly addressing this with a cautious endorsement of the singular they. My recommendation now is to generally stick to standard grammar constructs and match singular pronouns with singular subjects and plural pronouns with pronoun subjects. But, do use they as a singular pronoun when it is respectful or more clear to do so. Words matter. Including everyone respectfully in the discourse warrants bending this grammar rule. Image Source: Grammarly

Hum sammary 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hum sammary 2 - Essay Example ming that men can do nothing more than guess and interpret what Jesus meant when he told a Samaritan woman that her fifth husband was not her husband. Furthermore, she reasons out that the Scriptures talk about God’s command to â€Å"go forth and multiply† and that even great Old Testament figures, like Abraham, Jacob, and Solomon, enjoyed multiple wives at once. The Wife of Bath admits that many great Fathers of the Church have proclaimed the importance of virginity, such as the Apostle Paul. However, she argues that even if virginity is important, there must be existing people who are procreating so that virgins can be created. Thus, she says that virginity should be left to the perfect so that the rest could use their gifts in the best way they could. Undoubtedly, her gift is her sexual power and she uses this power as an â€Å"instrument† to control her husbands. It is at this point, the Pardoner interrupts. The Pardoner is planning to marry soon and he is worried that his wife will control his body, in the same way that the Wife of Bath describes. The Wife of Bath tells him to be patient and to listen to the whole story to see if it reveals the truth about marriage. Of her five husbands, three have been â€Å"good† and two have been â€Å"bad.† She further admits that the first three of her husbands were good because they were rich, old, and submissive. She then laughs as she remembers the torments that she put her husbands through and she even recounts a typical conversation that she had with her older husbands. She then accused her husband of having an affair, and launched into a litany in which she  would charge him with a bewildering array of accusations. If  one of her husbands got drunk, she would claim he said that every wife is out to destroy her husband. He would then feel guilty and give her what she wanted. In the end, the Wife of Bath says that these were all lies and that her husbands never held these opinions, but she made these claims to give

JetBlue Using Porters Five Forces Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

JetBlue Using Porters Five Forces - Case Study Example As the paper highlights, unlike other industries, the airline industry is characterized by high start-up and high running costs, which acts as a barrier to entry. So much is the costs that airlines that make it in the industry either must have been started a bit earlier in order to make it up the competitor ladder in a gradual manner. In addition, so much is the cost that small airlines must be affiliated with large airlines in order to make it in the industry. In order to confirm that the threat of new entrants is minimal, a look at JetBlue shows that success within the industry was not obtained overnight. Instead, the company has gradually moved towards success. The case study also shows that some attempts by some airlines to make it in the same market with Jetblue were not simple. For example, US Airways was one of the five US Airlines that filed bankruptcy in 2006 owing to the drop in revenues and increased costs. The company does not have many suppliers. Only two of them are ide ntifiable. Essentially, this means that the supplier’s bargaining power is high as the company does not have many suppliers to choose from. Apart from airline suppliers, other suppliers include fuel suppliers and the current price of fuel in the industry is high. This again makes the bargaining power of suppliers to be high. Since the airline has prescheduled flights, fuel supply is quite important as it cannot afford to miss any airline. This still confirms that the suppliers’ bargaining power is high and any of their actions can lead to serious consequences on the industry’s part such as low efficiency, which is highly related to fuel supply and cost. Customers within the airline have several airline options to choose from.